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Dog Diet & Nutrition

Complete guide to feeding your dog for optimal health

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Basic Nutritional Requirements

  • Dogs are omnivores but require significant protein
  • Protein should make up 18-25% of adult diet, 22-32% for puppies
  • Essential amino acids: Complete proteins from animal sources
  • Fatty acids: Omega-3 and Omega-6 for skin, coat, and brain health
  • Vitamins: A, D, E, K, B-complex
  • Minerals: Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, zinc
  • Carbohydrates provide energy and fiber
  • Water is essential - always provide fresh, clean water
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Types of Dog Food

  • Dry kibble: Convenient, helps dental health, cost-effective
  • Wet/canned food: Higher moisture, palatable, more expensive
  • Raw diet: Natural but requires careful handling and balance
  • Semi-moist: Often high in sugar, not recommended as main diet
  • Homemade: Requires veterinary nutritionist consultation
  • Freeze-dried/dehydrated: Convenient, retains nutrients
  • Fresh/meal delivery: High quality, convenient, expensive

Feeding Schedule

  • Puppies (8-12 weeks): 4 meals per day
  • Puppies (3-6 months): 3 meals per day
  • Puppies (6-12 months): 2 meals per day
  • Adult dogs: 2 meals per day recommended
  • Senior dogs: 2-3 smaller, more frequent meals
  • Large breed puppies: Special feeding schedule to prevent growth issues
  • Feed at consistent times each day
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Portion Control

  • Follow feeding guidelines on food packaging as starting point
  • Adjust based on age, activity level, and body condition
  • Average adult dog needs 30-40 calories per pound of body weight
  • Use measuring cups or kitchen scale for accuracy
  • Monitor weight weekly and adjust portions accordingly
  • Treats should not exceed 10% of daily calories
  • Consider life stage and breed-specific needs
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Foods to Avoid

  • Chocolate: Contains theobromine, toxic to dogs
  • Grapes and raisins: Can cause kidney failure
  • Onions, garlic, chives: Can cause anemia
  • Xylitol (artificial sweetener): Can be fatal
  • Alcohol: Even small amounts can be dangerous
  • Avocado: Contains persin, toxic in large amounts
  • Cooked bones: Can splinter and cause injury
  • High-fat foods: Can cause pancreatitis
  • Macadamia nuts: Can cause weakness and tremors
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Special Dietary Needs

  • Puppies: Higher protein and calories for growth
  • Large breed puppies: Controlled calcium for proper bone development
  • Senior dogs: Reduced calories, joint support ingredients
  • Working/active dogs: Higher calorie and protein needs
  • Allergies: Limited ingredient or hydrolyzed protein diets
  • Kidney disease: Restricted phosphorus and protein
  • Diabetes: High fiber, consistent carbohydrate intake
  • Weight management: Reduced calorie, high fiber options
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Pro Tip

Always provide fresh, clean water for your dog. Dogs need approximately 1 ounce of water per pound of body weight daily, more in hot weather or with exercise. Monitor water intake - significant increases or decreases can indicate health problems.